Our friend, Ecuadorian champion of nature conservation and member of the Charles Darwin Foundation board of directors, Alfredo Carrasco, made a recent re-discovery of a very ancient one.  

Perusing some of oldest “world maps” ever made, he came across what is almost incontrovertibly the earliest depiction of the the Galapagos Islands ever portrayed on a map.   Alfredo confidently reports that the 1551 Nautical Planisphere map (by Spanish cartographer Sancho Gutiérrez) likely shows the first graphic representation of the Galápagos Islands, depicted just under the equatorial line. Though unnamed on the map, it predates other maps and reflects early Spanish efforts to chart the Pacific’s remote territories.

See his full analysis here